Understanding the UK pedigree information
The UK pedigrees were provided by the owners of the dogs. All cases reported have a veterinary diagnosis of kidney disease (JKD) and owners have completed a form that gives permission to publish.
Cases 109 – 118 were derived from a veterinary research study on the disease in a cohort of dogs from over 10 years ago. The word 'research' appears under the name of the sire and dam in these pedigrees.
Standard diagnosis for UK dogs comprises of their young age, most commonly under 3 years but sometimes older, with a chronic kidney disease, a history of clinical effects followed with a range of different diagnostic urine and blood results to exclude all other possible causes of kidney disease. Some of the confirmed cases have had radiographic imaging and or ultrasound.
Parents of all diagnosed cases are shown in blue, indicating that they are the sire or the dam of at least one affected puppy. Colour-coding of these same dogs when present as ancestors in other pedigrees, merely indicates they have produced an affected case. It does not necessarily imply that these dogs are responsible for the inheritance of the disease in the pedigrees.
Please note that just because a dog or bitch is not shaded blue on a published pedigree, this does not mean that this dog is clear of any risk of being either a BoxerJKD carrier or a 'subclinical case'. Many of the 'unshaded; dogs can be siblings to either known cases or to other BoxerJKD carriers. So it is best to use all the available information from all the published pedigrees.
No attempt is made at this stage to interpret the pedigrees and identify sources of the JKD mutation.
Coefficients of inbreeding (COI) are located above each pedigree. The COIs were obtained using the MyKC, and some others were estimated from the 5-generation pedigrees submitted. The latter COI levels therefore do not include the historical inbreeding that is included in MyKC values and are therefore underestimates.
Cases 109 – 118 were derived from a veterinary research study on the disease in a cohort of dogs from over 10 years ago. The word 'research' appears under the name of the sire and dam in these pedigrees.
Standard diagnosis for UK dogs comprises of their young age, most commonly under 3 years but sometimes older, with a chronic kidney disease, a history of clinical effects followed with a range of different diagnostic urine and blood results to exclude all other possible causes of kidney disease. Some of the confirmed cases have had radiographic imaging and or ultrasound.
Parents of all diagnosed cases are shown in blue, indicating that they are the sire or the dam of at least one affected puppy. Colour-coding of these same dogs when present as ancestors in other pedigrees, merely indicates they have produced an affected case. It does not necessarily imply that these dogs are responsible for the inheritance of the disease in the pedigrees.
Please note that just because a dog or bitch is not shaded blue on a published pedigree, this does not mean that this dog is clear of any risk of being either a BoxerJKD carrier or a 'subclinical case'. Many of the 'unshaded; dogs can be siblings to either known cases or to other BoxerJKD carriers. So it is best to use all the available information from all the published pedigrees.
No attempt is made at this stage to interpret the pedigrees and identify sources of the JKD mutation.
Coefficients of inbreeding (COI) are located above each pedigree. The COIs were obtained using the MyKC, and some others were estimated from the 5-generation pedigrees submitted. The latter COI levels therefore do not include the historical inbreeding that is included in MyKC values and are therefore underestimates.
Conclusions from the UK pedigrees
- The disease almost invariably occurs in family groups. This establishes that JKD is inherited.
- Inbreeding on JKD breeding is commonly involved, or that JKD is present in the background of both parents irrespective of the country of origin, strongly suggests a recessive mode of inheritance.
- Males can breed prior to developing the disease, on a recessive inheritance basis, all the progeny of a 'sub clinical' male will carry the BoxerJKD gene.
- The partially-hidden nature of the disease and the probability that affected dogs may survive and breed normally pose further problems that need to be resolved.
- The levels of inbreeding in many Boxer JKD pedigrees are extremely high, notably in the show section of the breed, indicating that inbreeding has played a significant role in the emergence of detectable disease in the UK.
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Click to download a print ready file of UK cases
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