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Excluding dogs from breeding programmes

10/21/2015

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A decision was made by BoxerJKD team early on not to report any cases earlier than 10 years ago. The disease has been with the breed for a very long time and it was not thought to be beneficial to look back too far as it is the current dogs that are important to the future of the breed. We also decided not to comment on the potential line of inheritance of the disease within the published pedigrees. A pedigree study easily identifies the common ancestors. Only producers of confirmed cases of BoxerJKD are shaded in blue. It is worth noting that many dogs in the published pedigrees could be shaded as being deduced carriers or as siblings to cases or other confirmed JKD carriers. So a dog being unshaded in a published pedigree does not mean it is completely without risk. 
The gene responsible for JKD is widespread and appears in almost all of the current breeding lines in the UK. There will be 'clear' dogs in those lines too. We just need to reduce the risk of using the sub clinical and carrier dogs and increase the chance of breeding to the clear dogs.
To preserve the genetic diversity you can not simply exclude all dogs with carriers or deduced carriers in their pedigrees. 
To decrease the current risks, it is suggested that breeders screen all their stock for low USG readings, reduce the inbreeding in their planned litters, not to double up on pedigrees containing carriers.
Any new cases of JKD found by the screening process needs to be reported and the information shared with other breeders, the parents of all JKD cases need to be immediately removed from breeding programmes.
For the overall genetic health of the breed, breeders need to use as many different stud dogs as possible rather than giving only one or two dogs all the stud work nationally. A 'popular sire' effect can be very detrimental to the genetic health of the breed in more ways than just the risks of JKD. 
If breeders become more acceptable to the recommendations and problems of BoxerJKD, then we may consider publication of the deduced carriers and full JKD inheritance history. But in the current climate it is hard to see the benefit of doing this. 
The solution to the problem is working with the current dogs, having an efficient USG screening programme of all puppies and breeding stock, together with the effective sharing of all of the available information with all Boxer breeders worldwide. 
Unfortunately, there is still much more to do, as only the pedigrees that have been shared to BoxerJKD team are available in the public domain. This is still is not the full current available picture. The incidence of JKD is relatively low due to the low penetrance and the over capacity of the kidneys. It is therefore extremely important that all BoxerJKD cases should be reported and the pedigree information shared. Too many cases are being lost to the study for many different and diverse reasons. But the open reporting and the sharing of all available pedigree information is fundamental to continuing to reduce the frequency of the JKD gene within the population.
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Web 6 - Update to website 

10/21/2015

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Web 6. The numbers of JKD cases in the UK being reported toboxerjkd.com has slowed down greatly in recent months and one wonders what the reason is. Cases are still being reported from other countries. It might be that UK breeders are finding ways of using the pedigrees to reduce the risk of JKD; certainly the pattern of breeding seen in show catalogues has changed substantially. If breeder action is responsible for the decline in numbers of JKD cases, boxerjkd can claim an astounding success for the breed. Certainly enthusiasm for the publication of the pedigrees remains high and, from what users tell me, the pedigree and other information is being assiduously checked before breeding. I am also hearing more about breeders buying refractometers for USG testing. General awareness of JKD is also developing. This is best illustrated by a picture of a Boxer on the front cover of an informative veterinary pamphlet on kidney failure (http://www.iris-kidney.com/).
A recently reported case is of special interest. It is actually an old one, occurring years ago, from one of the earliest litters that I heard about, and the reason I had heard about it was that there were three affected cases in the litter, but I did not manage to get paperwork on any of them. Now this fourth has turned up with all paperwork. Four in a litter, with better screening! They have found such litters in Norway. Maybe JKD is not quite as rare as imagined.
Despite increase in the understanding of JKD some old beliefs still hold and are being used by some to ignore cases. It is therefore worthwhile repeating a few facts.
Urinary tract infections are NOT a cause of JKD, but are a consequence of the disease. They only aid detection of JKD.
The urinary tract in bitches is shorter than dogs and therefore their kidneys are at greater risk of infection. This is one reason why JKD is seen more frequently seen in this sex – more are detected.

While the detection of immature cells on kidney histo-pathology is taken to be the key diagnostic evidence for what is defined as renal dysplasia(RD), failure to detect these cells does NOT refute an RD diagnosis. The pathology uses only samples of kidneys; the immature cells of even affected regions of the kidney may be missed. Alternatively, the kidneys may be too damaged by the disease process for critical analysis to find these cells.
Likewise, while malformed, scarred, or even a missing kidney may be observed with ultrasound, a failure to observe such does NOT mean that the kidneys are functionally normal.
What we ARE dealing with is an inherited kidney failure that is killing Boxers in family groups. The critical factor in defining this disease is that it is inherited whether or not it has been diagnosed as chronic renal failure, progressive nephropathy, or whatever. The present evidence suggests that all are manifestations of the one genetic disease and it is the recognition of a kidney problem in the group, not the individual dog, which is important.
Further aspects of such difficulties with JKD are dealt with in an article entitled ‘The Confusing Picture of Boxer JKD’ to be published in a forthcoming issue of the American journal, Boxer Daily. There is now also a blog on the Boxerjkd website which features reports and discussions on the subject and also real questions and the answers. Please contribute.
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